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43 نکته در مورد کلسترول

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آزمایش کلسترول چیست؟

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آزمایش کلسترول یک آزمایش خون است که میزان کلسترول و چربی های خاص را در سرم خون شما اندازه گیری می کند. کلسترول ماده ای از دسته چربی های بدن است که در خون و تمام سلول های بدن برای سالم نگه داشتن سلول ها و اندام های شما یافت می شود.

کبد شما تمام کلسترول مورد نیاز بدن شما را می سازد . شما می توانید کلسترول را از غذاهایی که می خورید به ویژه گوشت، تخم مرغ، مرغ و محصولات لبنی دریافت کنید. غذاهایی که دارای چربی زیاد در رژیم غذایی هستند نیز می توانند سبب شوند که کبد شما کلسترول بیشتری تولید کند.

کلسترول از طریق خون شما منتقل می شود و به پروتئین ها متصل می شود. ترکیب کلسترول و پروتئین لیپوپروتئین نامیده می شود. براساس آنچه که لیپوپروتئین حمل می کند، انواع مختلفی از کلسترول بوجود می آید.

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دو نوع اصلی کلسترول وجود دارد : لیپوپروتئین با چگالی کم (LDL) یا کلسترول بد و لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL) یا کلسترول خوب.

کلسترول LDL بیش از حد در خون شما خطر ابتلا به بیماری عروق کرونر و سایر بیماری های قلبی را افزایش می دهد. سطح بالای LDL می تواند سبب ایجاد یک ماده چسبنده به نام پلاک در شریان های شما شود که با گذشت زمان، پلاک می تواند شریان های شما را باریک کند یا به طور کامل آنها را مسدود کند. وقتی این اتفاق می افتد، قسمت هایی از بدن شما خون کافی دریافت نمی کند:

  • اگر جریان خون به قلب مسدود شود، می تواند منجر به حمله قلبی شود.
  • اگر جریان خون به مغز مسدود شود، می تواند منجر به سکته مغزی شود.
  • اگر جریان خون به بازوها یا پاها مسدود شود، می تواند منجر به بیماری شریان محیطی شود.

کلسترول HDL به دفع کلسترول LDL کمک می کند و سبب باز نگه داشتن شریان و حرکت خون شما می شود و به همین دلیل کلسترول خوب نامگذاری شده است.

کلسترول بالا می تواند ارثی باشد، اما اغلب نتیجه انتخاب شیوه زندگی ناسالم است که آن را قابل پیشگیری و درمان می کند. یک رژیم غذایی سالم، ورزش منظم و گاهی اوقات مصرف دارو می توانید کلسترول بالا را کاهش دهید.

آزمایش کلسترول را نام های دیگر پروفایل لیپیدی، پنل چربی را نیز می گویند.

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علائم بالا بودن کلسترول چیست؟

در اغلب اوقات بالا بودن کلسترول هیچ علائمی ندارد و تنها راه تشخیص آن آزمایش خون است اما در برخی موارد علائمی در فرد ظاهر می شود برای اطمینان حتما باید آزمایش کلسترول بدهید. این علائم عبارتند از:

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1- توده های چربی مانند اطراف چشم (گزانتالاسما)

گزانتالاسما ضایعه ای زرد رنگ است که اغلب قسمت فوقانی پلک (روی پلک یا نزدیک آن) ظاهر می شوند. هنگامی که رسوبات کلسترول (لیپید یا چربی) در زیر پوست جمع می شوند، تشکیل می شوند. این ضایعه به خودی خود بی ضرر است، اما می تواند نشانه ای از بیماری قلبی باشد. گزانتالاسما در زنان بیشتر از مردان مشاهده می شود و میزان بروز این مشکل در افراد سنین بالاتر بیشتر است. نیمی از افرادی که مبتلا گزانتالاسما هستند، سطح کلسترول بالایی دارند (چربی در خون) که از والدین به آنها منتقل شده است. پزشک با نگاه کردن به پوست اطراف چشم و بررسی سطح لیپیدها با آزمایشی تشخیص دهد که نیاز به درمان یا حتی جراحی دارد.

چه کسانی در معرض خطر گزانتالاسما هستند؟

هر فردی می تواند مبتلا به گزانتالاسما شود، اما احتمال ابتلا برای افرادی با شرایط زیر بیشتر است. این موارد عبارتند از:

  • سیگار
  • چاقی
  • سطح بالای چربی (کلسترول بالا)
  • فشار خون بالا یا دیابت
  • کسانی که نژاد آسیایی یا مدیترانه دارند.

گزانتالاسما چگونه درمان می شوند؟

گزانتالاسما ممکن است به همان اندازه بمانند یا بزرگتر شوند و به خودی خود از بین نمی روند. در حالی که بی ضرر هستند، افراد ممکن است به دلایل زیبایی بخواهند آنها را از بین ببرند. گزانتالاسما با حذف رسوب با موارد زیر درمان می شوند:

  • ضایعه چربی را با کمک دارو از بین ببرند.
  • کرایوتراپی (با سرمای شدید منجمد کند).
  • با جراحی سنتی ضایعه را بردارند و پوست را ترمیم کنند.
  • با انواع لیزرها از بین ببرند.
  • با سوزن الکتریکی آن را بسوزانند (جراحی الکتریکی).

در اکثر درمان های فوق ضایعه گزانتالاسما کاملا از بین می روند. اما برخی موارد ممکن است عوارض جانبی داشته باشد. این عوارض جانبی عبارتند از:

  • جای زخم
  • تغییر رنگ پوست
  • بازگشت گزانتالاسما پس از جراحی

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2- برجستگی زرد رنگ روی پوست (گزانتوما)

گزانتوما برآمدگی های کوچک روی پوست هستند که به دلیل تجمع چربی در زیر سطح پوست ایجاد می شوند. معمولا کوچک هستند اگر چه که می توانند بزرگ تر نیز شوند. برآمدگی ها به صورت منفرد یا خوشه ظاهر می شوند. رنگ گزانتوما ممکن است از قرمز تا زرد متفاوت باشد. گزانتوما در افراد مسن شایع تر است. برجستگی ها ممکن است در لمس خارش دار، حساس، دردناک باشند. در هر جایی از بدن ظاهر می شوند، در اندام های داخلی و بر روی پوست. رایج ترین محل ها عبارتند از:

  • مفاصل، مانند زانو و آرنج
  • تاندون ها
  • دست و پاها
  • پلک ها
  • معده
  • روده بزرگ
  • مثانه

خود برآمدگی ها بی ضرر هستند، اما اغلب نشانه ای از بیماری های مانند دیابت و کلسترول بالا هستند. گزانتوما با سطوح بالای چربی در خون مرتبط است، همچنین ممکن است کلسترول بالایی داشته باشید اما هیچ علائمی نداشته باشید. پزشک برای تشخیص گزانتوما موارد زیر در فرد بررسی میکند.

  • معاینه فرد
  • سوابق خانوادگی
  • گرفتن بیوپسی خون
  • آزمایش خون

چه چیزی باعث گزانتوما می شود؟

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گزانتوما معمولا نشانه ای از مشکلات سلامتی است. در بدن به دلیل چربی اضافی خون که نوعی چربی است ظاهر میگردند. کلسترول و تری گلیسیرید از لیپید های خون هستند. لیپیدهای اضافی در زیر پوست جمع شوند و به صورت گزانتوما فوران میکنند. احتمال ابتلا برای افرادی با شرایط زیر بیشتر است. این موارد عبارتند از:

  • دیابت
  • کلسترول بالا
  • اختلالات متابولیک (از جمله هیپرکلسترولمی)
  • سیروز کبدی
  • پانکراتیت
  • تیروئید کم کار
  • سرطان های خاص

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تفاوت بین گزانتلاسما و گزانتوما چیست؟

گزانتالاسما نوعی از گزانتوما است که روی پلک ها ظاهر می شوند. در حالی که گزانتوما رسوبات مواد غنی از کلسترول متمایل به زرد هستند که می توانند در هر نقطه از بدن (اندام داخلی، روی پوست بدن) در حالات مختلف (منفرد یا خوشه ای) بیماری ظاهر شوند.

گزانتوما چگونه درمان می شوند؟

گزانتوما ممکن است به همان اندازه بمانند یا بزرگتر شوند و به خودی خود از بین نمی روند. در حالی که بی ضرر هستند، افراد ممکن است به دلایل زیبایی بخواهند آنها را از بین ببرند. درمان ممکن است شامل موارد زیر باشند:

  • تغییر در رژیم غذایی برای کاهش میزان چربی
  • داروهایی برای کمک به کاهش سطح کلسترول و تری گلیسیرید
  • و همچنین گزانتوما مانند گزانتلاسما با استفاده از لیزر، جراحی سنتی و قرار دادن مواد شیمیایی بر روی برجستگی ها می توانند آنها را از پوست خارج کنند، ممکن است پس از برداشتن ضایعه دوباره عود کند.

شرایطی که منجر به گزانتوما می شود جدی بگیرید. بدون درمان، می توانند منجر به بستری شدن، جراحی یا مرگ شوند. اگر به گزانتوما مبتلا شدید، با پزشک خود مشورت کنید تا بتوانید باهم برنامه ای برای درمان داشته باشید.

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3- حاله های سفید رنگ دور قرنیه چشم (کلسترول بالا)

چشمان یکی از پیچیده ترین مناطق بدن انسان هستند. گاهی اوقات ممکن است چشمان شما اولین قسمت از بدن شما باشد که علائم بیماری هایی را نشان دهد که سایر قسمت های بدن یا کل بدن شما را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد.

قوس قرنیه یا Arcus senilis یک حلقه سفید، خاکستری روشن یا آبی در اطراف لبه قرنیه است که به صورت یک قوس رنگی کوتاه در امتداد بالا و پایین قرنیه می باشند که در نهایت ممکن است بهم متصل شوند و یک حلقه کامل در اطراف قرنیه ایجاد کنند. قرنیه معمولا شفاف است و به رنگ عنبیه زیر آن اجازه می دهد خود را نشان دهد. این حلقه می تواند به نظر برسد که عنبیه شما دو رنگ متفاوت است، اما در واقع یک تغییر رنگ در قرنیه است. این حلقه ها در بینایی مشکلی ایجاد نمیکنند.

اگر سابقه خانوادگی کلسترول بالا دارید، احتمال ابتلا به قوس قرنیه یا Arcus senilis در بزرگسالی و کودکی بیشتر است، اما قوس قرنیه در میانسالی یا بعد از آن به معنای داشتن کلسترول بالا نیست زیرا در نهایت همه به قوس قرینه مبتلا خواهند شد. بیماری قوس قرینه در مردان و افراد مسن شایع تر است.

علت شیوع قوس قرینه در سنین بالا به خاطر گشادتر شدن عروق با بالا رفتن سن افراد است، زیرا با گشادتر شدن رگ های خونی کلسترول و چربی های بیشتری به سمت قرنیه چشم حرکت میکند و در نتیجه سبب بروز بیماری قوس قرینه میشود.

علل آرکوس سنلیس

حلقه های اطراف قرنیه به دلیل رسوباتی هستند که از چربی تشکیل اند. چربی های که در خون در گردش هستند، عبارتند از:

  • کلسترول
  • تری گلیسیرید
  • فسفولیپیدها

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این چربی ها از طریق خوردن غذایی هایی مانند گوشت و محصولات لبنی به وجود آمده و مابقی کلسترول توسط کبد تولید میشود. برای ساختن هورمون ها و ویتامین ها و ساختن سلول ها کلسترول لازم است؛ اما کلسترول بیش از حد به معنای افزایش خطر ابتلا به بیماری قلبی عروقی است.

محققان در سنگاپور افراد بزرگسالی را بین 40 تا 80 سال را مورد آزمایش قرار دارند تا ببینند آیا آنها در اطراف قرنیه خود قوس دارند یا خیر. 6 سال بعد دریافتند که 5.7% از شرکت کنندگان به بیماری قلبی عروقی مبتلا شده اند. احتمال ابتلا به بیماری قلبی در افرادی که دارای قوس قرنیه بودند بیشتر از آنهایی بودند که فاقد قوس قرنیه بودند.

چه کسایی در معرض خطر آرکوس سنلیس یا Arcus senilis هستند؟

  • سن بالا
  • مردان
  • سابقه خانوادگی کلسترول بالا
  • افراد آفریقایی و آسیای جنوب شرقی نسبت به سفید پوستان

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تشخیص آرکوس سنلیس

پزشک با معاینه فیزیکی میتوانند آرکوس سنیلیس را تشخیص دهند و در صورت نیاز پزشک ممکن است فرد را به اپتومتریست یا چشم پزشک ارجاع دهد. اگر فرد کمتر از 40 سال سن داشته باشد، آزمایشاتی برای بررسی سطح کلسترول و چربی نیز درخواست میشود.

درمان آرکوس سنلیس

هیچ درمانی برای آرکوس سنیلیس یا قرنیه چشم وجود ندارد. اما برای کاهش کلسترول نیاز به تغییراتی در سبک زندگی و در مواقعی نیاز به مصرف دارو می باشد.

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جواب آزمایش کلسترول چه اطلاعاتی در اختیار شما قرار می دهد؟

آزمایش کلسترول اطلاعات مهمی در مورد خطر ابتلا به بیماری قلبی پزشک شما می دهد. اگر آزمایش شما نشان داد که کلسترول بالایی دارید، می توانید اقدامات لازم را برای کاهش آن انجام دهید. این آزمایش ممکن است خطر ابتلا به مشکلات قلبی را در آینده کاهش دهد. موارد اندازه گیری آزمایش کلسترول عبارتند از:

سطح LDL در خون، که منبع اصلی انسداد شریان هاست.

سطح HDL در خون، به خلاص شدن از شر کلسترول بد LDL کمک می کند.

کلسترول کل ترکیبی از سطوح LDL و HDL در خون شماست.

سطح VLDL در خون ( لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بسیار کم ) که نوع دیگری از کلسترول بد است. سطوح بالای VLDL در خون سبب تجمع پلاک در شریان ها می گردد. سطح VLDL را از جمع LDL و HDL و کسر از کلسترول کل می توان محاسبه کرد.

سطح تری گلیسیرید، نوعی چربی است که در خون شما یافت می شود. وقتی غذا می خورید، بدن کالری های مورد نیاز خود را به تری گلیسیرید تبدیل می کند که در سلول های چربی ذخیره می کند. میزان تری گلیسیرید بالا با چاقی، خوردن شیرینی جات زیاد، نوشیدن الکل بیش از حد، کم تحرکی، ابتلا به دیابت با سطح قند خون بالا مرتبط است.

طبق برخی تحقیقات سطوح بالای تری گلیسیرید خطر ابتلا به بیماری های قلبی به خصوص در زنان را افزایش می دهد.

چرا چربی خون در زنان بیشتر است؟

زنان دارای کلسترول HDL بالاتری نسبت به مردان هستند. زیرا هورمون جنسی استروژن که در زنان، سطح کلسترول را افزایش میدهد. اما در دوران یائسگی سطح کلسترول توتال و کلسترول LDL افزایش می یابد و کلسترول HDL کاهش می یابد. البته قابل ذکر است که عوامل ژنتیکی و سبک زندگی نیز نقش مهمی در سطح کلسترول دارند.

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اعداد در نتیجه آزمایش کلسترول به چه معناست؟

کلسترول بر حسب میلی گرم در دسی لیتر (mg/dL) اندازه گیری می شود.

کلسترول کل یا تام 150 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر
LDL 100 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر
HDL بیشتر یا مساوی 40mg/dL در مردان و  50mg/dL در زنان
تری گلیسرید کمتر از 150 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر

مقدار کلسترول در خون در سلامتی شما بسیار موثر است. پزشکان به مقدار کلسترول، سابقه پزشکی، سن، جنسیت و سبک زندگی یا سلامتی شما، مانند سیگار کشیدن، که می تواند خطر کلسترول بالا را افزایش دهد، توجه خاصی دارند.

این اعداد به پزشک کمک می کند تا تعیین کند که آیا از داروهای کاهنده کلسترول برای کاهش خطر بیماری قلبی و سکته تجویز کند یا نه؟

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بیماریهایی که باعث افزایش سطح کلسترول بد می شود:

  • بیماری مزمن کلیوی
  • دیابت
  • HIV/AIDS
  • کم کاری تیروئید
  • لوپوس

مواردی که خطر ابتلا به کلسترول را افزایش می دهند:

  • فشار خون بالا
  • دیابت نوع 2
  • سیگار کشیدن
  • اضافه وزن یا چاقی
  • عدم فعالیت بدنی
  • رژیم غذایی سرشار از چربی های اشباع شده
  • سن
  • مصرف بیش از حد الکل

پزشک شما ممکن است آزمایش کلسترول را به عنوان بخشی از یک معاینه معمولی و یا در صورت داشتن سابقه بیماری خانوادگی قلبی برای شما تجویز کند.

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چرا باید کلسترول را پایین بیاورم؟

تحقیقات نشان میدهد که کلسترول بالا می تواند خطر ابتلا به موارد زیر را افزایش دهند:

  1. آترواسکلروز (تنگ شدن عروق)
  2. حمله قلبی
  3. سکته
  4. حمله ایسکمیک گذرا (TIA یا سکته مغزی کوچک)
  5. بیماری شریان محیطی (PAD)
  6. بیماری عروق کرونر قلب

کلسترول میتواند در دیواره سرخرگ رسوب کند و جریان خون را به قلب، مغز و بقیه بدن شما محدود کند و همچنین خطر ایجاد لخته خون در محلی از بدن شما را افزایش میدهد.

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آمادگی قبل از آزمایش کلسترول چه کاری باید انجام بدیم؟

برای آزمایش کلسترول لازم است 9 تا 12 ساعت قبل از آزمایش، خوردن یا نوشیدن را متوقف کنید (ناشتا بودن برای آزمایش کلسترول). در این مدت هیچ دارویی مصرف نکنید مگر اینکه پزشک به شما گفته باشد. اگر دارویی مصرف کنید، روی نتایج آزمایش تاثیر می گذارد. آزمایش خود را برای صبح برنامه ریزی کنید تا بیشتر آن زمان را بخوابید، تا خیلی گرسنه نشوید. برخی اوقات پزشک به شما می گوید که در روز آزمایش به طور معمول غذا بخورید. پرنسل آزمایشگاه برای آزمایش خود اگر نیاز به دستوالعمل های دیگری داشته باشید به شما می گویند.

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آیا آزمایش کلسترول خطر دارد؟

ممکن است درد خفیفی یا کبودی در نقطه ای که سوزن گذاشته شده است را تجریه کنید، اما علائم به سرعت از بین می روند.

تفسیر آزمایش کلسترول چه معنی می دهد؟

نتایج آزمایش این معنی را می رساند تا به طور کلی میزان کلسترول پایین LDL و میزان کلسترول بالا HDL برای سلامت قلب مفید هستند.

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چند وقت یکبار باید آزمایش کلسترول بدیم؟

طبق موسسه ملی قلب، ریه و خون (NHLBI)، اولین غربالگری کلسترول فرد باید در سنین 9 تا 11 سالگی انجام شود و سپس هر 5 سال یکبار پس از آن تکرار شود.

NHLBI توصیه می کند که غربالگری کلسترول برای مردان 45 تا 65 سال و برای زنان 55 تا 65 سال هر 1 تا 2 سال انجام شود. افراد بالای 65 سال باید سالانه آزمایش کلسترول را دریافت کنند.

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ارتباط بین کلسترول و دیابت

در حالی که این تفکر عمومی وجود دارد که چربی های اشباع شده می توانند کلسترول شما را افزایش دهند، اما مقصر دیگری نیز وجود دارد: رژیم غذایی سرشار از غذاهای شیرین.

از قهوه شیرین شده هر روز صبح تا قوطی نوشابه کنار غذا، قندهای اضافه شده در رژیم غذایی به مرور زمان بر روی کلسترول تاثیر می گذارد.

قندهای افزوده شده با قندهایی که به طور طبیعی در چیزهای مانند میوه ها یا شیر یافت می شوند متفاوت است. قند های افزوده شامل شیرین کننده هایی است که به غذای خود اضافه می کنید، مانند:

  • شکر سفید
  • شکر قهوه ای
  • عسل
  • شیرین کننده مصنوعی ساخته شده از شربت ذرت با فروکتوز بالا

قندهای افزودنی حاوی کالری هستند اما مواد مغذی ندارند. این کالری های اضافی علاوه بر تاثیر بر وزن و افزایش شانس ابتلا به دیابت به کبد هم تاثیر می گذارند که کلسترول بیشتری تولید کند.

کلسترول یک عنصر کلیدی است که بدن شما برای عملکرد خوب و ساخت سلول های جدید به آن نیاز دارد. طبق مطالب گفته شده دو نوع کلسترول وجود دارد:

  • LDL کلسترول لیپوپروتئین با چگالی کم. هنگامی که سطح کلسترول بد بالا برود، ماده مومی شکل و چربی مانند در دیواره رگ های شما رسوب میکند و آن را مسدود می کند. این شانس  حمله قلبی یا سکته افزایش می دهد.
  • HDL کلسترول لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا. کلسترول خوب تمامی LDL اضافی موجود در جریان خون می گیرد و به کبد بر می گذارند و سپس آن را از بدن شما خارج می کند و شانس ابتلا به بیماری قلبی را کاهش می دهد.

وقتی قند زیادی مصرف کنید کبد شما LDL بیشتری تولید می کند در حالی که میزان HDL در بدن کاهش پیدا می کند.

کالری اضافی ناشی از مصرف رژیم مواد غذایی شیرین منجر به تری گلیسیرید می شود، نوعی چربی خون در سلامت کلسترول شما نقش دارد.

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راه های کاهش کلسترول بالا

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کاهش کلسترول بالا با مصرف دارو

پزشک ممکن است استفاده از داروهای کاهش دهنده سطح کلسترول مثل استاتین را با توجه به خطراتی که برای مبتلایان به بیماریهای قلبی عروقی، یا شواهدی از تصلب شرایین داشته باشند و همچنین اگر در معرض خطر بالای بیماری قلبی عروقی قرار داشته باشد؛ تجویز کنند. این دارو پلاک های موجود در عروق خونی را از بین می برد و میزان کلسترول LDL را کاهش می دهند.

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کاهش کلسترول با تغییر سبک زندگی
با تغییرات در سبک زندگی سالم، می توانید کلسترول خود از طریق رژیم غذایی و ورزش در محدوده سالم بازگردانید و خطر بیماری قلبی و سکته را کاهش دهید.

1. استرس خود را مدیریت کنید.

2. بدن شما تمام کلسترول مورد نیاز خود را می سازد، بنابراین نیازی به دریافت کلسترول از طریق غذاها ندارید. خوردن مقدار زیادی غذاهای حاوی چربی اشباع شده و چربی ترانس ممکن است به بالا رفتن کلسترول و شرایط بیماری هایی مانند بیماری قلبی کمک می کند.

3. مصرف غذاهای حاوی چربی اشباع شده را محدود کنید. چربی های اشباع شده از محصولات حیوانی (مانند پنیر، گوشت های چرب، دسرهای لبنی) و چربی های ترانس موجود در غذاهای سرخ شده و غذاهای فرآوری شده تجاری به دست می آید.

4. غذاهایی را انتخاب کنید که چربی اشباع شده، چربی ترانس، سدیم (نمک) و قندهای افزودنی کمی دارند، این غذا ها عبارتند از:

  • گوشت کم چربی
  • ماهی
  • پروتئین وی (ترکیبی از پروتئین های جدا شده از آب پنیر می باشد که به عنوان مکمل رژیم غذایی استفاده می شود.)

5. مواد غذاهای که به طور طبیعی سرشار از فیبر هستند، مصرف کنید. زیرا برای کاهش چربی، بهبود سلامت دستگاه گوارش، تعادل میزان کلسترول و کاهش خطر ابتلا به برخی سرطان ها مفید است. از آنجایی که فیبر در روده ها جذب نمی شود، می تواند به کلسترول متصل شده و آن را از بدن خارج کند. در نتیجه کلسترول و لیپوپروتئین با چگالی کم (LDL یا کلسترول بد) را کاهش می دهد و در عین حال لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL یا کلسترول خوب) را افزایش می دهند. این مواد غذایی عبارتند از:

حبوبات سرشار از فیبر

  • عدس

عدس  دارای 15 گرم فیبر و 13 گرم پروتئین در هر ¼ فنجان می باشد و مزیت دیگر عدس  پختن سریع آن با آب در یک قابلمه فقط 30 دقیقه طول می کشد.

  • لوبیا قرمز

لوبیای قرمز یکی از ارزشمندترین مواد غذایی در کابینت حبوبات خانه شماست. لوبیای قرمز 14 دارای  گرم فیبر در هر فنجان می باشد. نتایج به دست آمده در پژوهشی در محله ی کالج تغذیه آمریکا نشان میدهد کسانی که به صورت مرتب لوبیا میخورند در مقایسه با کسانی که لوبیا نمی خورند 23% احتمال دارد دور کمر بزرگی داشته باشند.

  • لوبیا سیاه

لوبیا سیاه در نصف فنجان 8/5 گرم فیبر و سرشار از آنتی اکسیدان آنتوسیانین می باشد. آنتی اکسیدان آنتوسیانین همان آنتی اکسیدانی است که در میوه های با رنگ تیره مانند بلوبری وجود دارد.

  • لوبیا چیتی

لوبیای چیتی هم مانند لوبیاهای دیگر سرشار از فیبر محلول است. در نتایج پژوهش دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه ویک فارست فیبر محلول برای کاهش چربی احشایی بسیار موثر است. چربی احشایی نوعی چربی در ناحیه ی شکمی می باشد.

  • لپه

لپه دارای 13 گرم فیبر و مقادیر زیادی پروتئین و فولادت در هر ¼ فنجان می باشد. فولات نوعی ویتامین  Bاست که برای مبارزه با فشار خون مفید است. پس بهتره از این به بعد لپه را در وعده های غذایی بیشتر استفاده کنید.

  • نخود

نخود در هر فنجان دارای 11 گرم فیبر و سرشار از پروتئین گیاهی، آهن و ویتامین B6 است. ویتامین B6 برای سلامت دستگاه عصبی ضروری است.

  • نخود فرنگی

نخود فرنگی دارای 4 گرم فیبر و پروتئین و سرشار از ویتامین K، ویتامین C، ویتامین A  در هر نصف فنجان است. نخود فرنگی از سبزیجاتی است که منجمد آن فیبر بیشتری در مقایسه نخود سبز به شما می رساند.

غلات سرشار از فیبر

  • جو، پوست کنده

در هر ¼ فنجان جو پوست کنده 8 گرم فیبر وجود دارد. جو پوست کنده یک غله کامل است که فقط لایه ی بیرونی آن جدا شده است.

  • سبوس گندم

در هر ¼ فنجان 6 گرم سبوس گندم فیبر وجود دارد. غلات از 3 بخش دانه، جوانه و سبوس تشکیل شده است که بیشترین میزان فیبر در سبوس آن است. بنابراین وقتی سبوس را از دانه گندم جدا کنید، پوسته ای سرشار از منگنز که یک ماده معدنی است به وجود می آید.

  • ارزن

هر چند ارزن بیشتر برای تغذیه پرندگان استفاده می شود و فاقد گلوتن است اما این غله کامل فقط مخصوص پرندگان نیست. در هر ¼ فنجان ارزن 4 گرم فیبر و سرشار از منیزیم، مس، روی و آنتی اکسیدان است.

  • ذرت بو داده

ذرت بو داده، ذرتی است که در اثر حرارت شکفته می شود، جز تنقلات سالمی است که میزان فیبر 4 گرم و تنها 130 کالری در هر 4 تا فنجان دارد. به سختی می توانید تنقلات دیگری را پیدا کنید که ضرر آن برای چربی دور کمر کم باشد.

دانه و مغز سرشار از فیبر

  • دانه چیا

در هر 28 گرم دانه چیا 11 گرم فیبر و سرشار از اسید چرب امگا 3 به نام آلفا لینولنیک است. دانه سیاه و سفید چیا از لحاظ مواد مغذی یکسان هستند.

  • شاهدانه

در هر ¼ فنجان شاهدانه 7 – 13 گرم فیبر و سرشار از پروتئین موجود است. از آنجایی که پروتئین های موجود در شاهدانه حاوی تمام اسید آمینه های ضروری است، یک منبع پروتئین ارزشمند برای ساختن عضلات ضعیف است.

  • نارگیل

در هر 28 گرم نارگیل 5 گرم فیبر موجود است. شاید پیدا کردن نارگیل تازه برای شما آسان نباشد به عنوان جایگزین از قطعات نارگیل خشک استفاده کنید که در تمامی فصل ها دسترسی به آن آسان است.

  • آرد نارگیل

آرد نارگیل طعم آن کمی شیرین و در هر 2 قاشق غذا خوری 8 گرم فیبر موجود است. مزیت دیگر آرد نارگیل شاخص گلیسمی پایین تری نسبت به انواع دیگر  آرد ها دارد و به شما کمک می کند وزن بدنتان را کنترل کنید.

  • دانه کتان

در هر 2 قاشق غذا خوری 4 گرم فیبر موجود است. فیبر در روده آب را جذب و یک ژل را در اطراف ایجاد می شود که سرعت گوارش را کند می کند. که سبب مدت بیشتری سیری و تنظیم میزان قند خون می گردد که روی تناسب اندام تاثیرگذار می باشد. برای اینکه مواد مغذی در دانه چیا به خوبی جذب شود باید به صورت پودر مصرف شوند.

دانه کتان نیز مانند دانه چیا حاوی اسید های چرب امگا و لیگنان است.  ترکیب این دو دانه با هم قدرت کاهش کلسترول را بالا می برد.

  • بادام

در هر 28 گرم بادام 3 گرم فیبر و سرشار از منیزیم، ویتامین E و چربی تک سیر نشده می باشد. طبق نتایج پژوهش های صورت گرفته افزایش میزان مصرف ویتامین E فعالیت آنتی اکسیدان را افزایش می دهد این می تواند برای خنثی کردن استرس اکسیداتیو ناشی از تمرینات ورزشی شدید مفید باشد.

  • تخمه آفتابگردان

در هر 28 گرم تخمه آفتابگردان 3 گرم فیبر موجود است. تخمه ی آفتاب گردان با پوست حاوی ویتامین E  و سلنیوم می باشد که سبب مغذی تر شدن منوی روزانه تان می گردد. طبق نتایج پژوهشی در مجله مراقبت های دیابت نشان می دهد هر چه مقدار سلنیوم در بدن شما بیشتر باشد، خطر ابتلا به دیابت نوع 2 در شما کمتر است.

  • پسته

در هر 28 گرم پسته 3 گرم فیبر و سرشار از لوتئین که یک آنتی اکسیدان کارتنوئیدی است. آنتی اکسیدان کارتنوئیدی در سبزیجات برگی با رنگ تیره یافت و در شبکیه چشم ذخیره می شود به همین باعث بینایی خوب می گردد. پسته کالری زیادی دارد اما مصرف مرتب مغزهای مغذی مانند پسته به داشتن شکم بودایی منجر نمی شود در عوض میزان کلسترول را کاهش می دهد.

سبزیجات سرشار از فیبر

  • کدو فلفلی

در هر فنجان کدو فلفلی 9 گرم فیبر و سرشار از بتاکاروتن می باشد. بتاکاروتن همان آنتی اکسیدان است که در بدن به ویتامین A تبدیل می گردد تا سلامت دستگاه ایمنی را بهبود ببخشد.

  • کنگر فرنگی

در هر کنگر فرنگی متوسط 7 گرم فیبر و سرشار ویتامین C، ویتامین K و فولات است.

  • گوجه فرنگی

در هر نصف فنجان گوجه فرنگی 5/3 گرم فیبر و لیکوپن موجود است. لیکوپن آنتی اکسیدان قوی است که فشار خون را پایین می آورد.

  • کلم بروکسل

در هر فنجان کلم بروکسل 3 گرم فیبر و سرشار از ویتامین K، ویتامین  Cاست.

میوه سرشار از فیبر

  • انجیر

در هر 5 گرم انجیر 15 گرم فیبر و سرشار از کلسیم، منیزیم، پتاسیم و ویتامین K می باشد. شاید پیدا کردن انجیر تازه برای شما آسان نباشد به عنوان جایگزین از انجیر خشک استفاده کنید که در تمامی فصل ها دسترسی به آن آسان است.

  • تمشک

تمشک دارای 8 گرم فیبر در هر فنجان است. هر فنجان تمشک دو برابر همین مقدار بلوبری حاوی فیبر است. مزیت دیگر تمشک سرشار از ویتامین C است. در نتایج پژوهشی در مجله تغذیه اروپا افرادی که دچار کمبود ویتامین C  بودند در مقایسه افرادی که وضعیت ویتامین C بهتری دارند عملکرد ورزشی پایین تر دارند. ویتامین C یک آنتی اکسیدان قوی است که به کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو ناشی از ورزش شدید کمک می کند.

  • شاه توت

شاه توت در هر فنجان 8 گرم فیبر و سرشار ویتامین K می باشد.

  • آووکادو

در هر نصف آووکادو حاوی 5/6 گرم فیبر و سرشار از ویتامینK ، فولات، پتاسیم و ویتامین  B6می باشد.

  • گلابی

در هر گلابی متوسط 6 گرم فیبر وجود دارد. گلابی حاوی 30% فیبر بیشتر نسبت سیب است. حتما گلابی را با پوست بخورید چون فیبر و آنتی اکسیدان های بیشتری در پوست گلابی وجود دارد.

  • خرما

در هر نصف فنجان خرما 6 گرم فیبر و سرشار از پتاسیم است. اگر میل به شیرینجات دارید و قند خون تان بالا نیست گزینه مناسبی برای رفع نیازتان است.

  • گیلاس

گیلاس در هر فنجان 5 گرم فیبر و سرشار از پتاسیم، آنتی اکسیدان است.

6. وزن اضافی بدن خود را کاهش دهید زیرا اضافه وزن و چاقی سطح کلسترول (LDL یا کلسترول بد) را افزایش میدهد. چربی اضافی بر نحوه استفاده بدن از کلسترول تاثیر می گذارد و توانایی بدن برای حذف کلسترول LDL از خون را کاهش میدهد. برای تعیین اینکه آیا وزن شما در محدوده سالمی است یا خیر، پزشکان اغلب شاخص توده بدنی (BMI) شما را محاسبه می کنند و گاهی اوقات پزشکان با اندازه گیری دور کمر و باسن مقدار چربی اضافی بدن شما را بدست می آورند.

7. ورزش به سلامت قلب و کاهش وزن، سطح کلسترول، فشار خون کمک می کند. پزشکان به بزرگسالان 2.5 ساعت ورزش با شدت متوسط، مانند پیاده روی سریع یا دوچرخه سواری هر هفته توصیه میکنند و به کودکان و نوجوانان باید روزانه 1 ساعت ورزش در روز داشته باشند. سعی کنید فعالیت بدنی را در فعالیت های روزانه خود جای دهید مثلا به چای آسانسور از پله ها بروید، برای فروشگاه رفتند ماشینتان را کمی دورتر پارک کنید.

8. سیگار نکشید. سیگار خطر ابتلا به بیماری های قلبی را افزایش میدهد، از جمله تاثیر بر نحوه کنترل کلسترول توسط بدن. تنباکو مانع از توانایی بدن برای ارسال کلسترول به جایی که لازم است می شود و همین موضوع می تواند به سلول های ایمنی آسیب برساند و به رشد سریعتر گرفتگی عروق کمک کند.

9. الکل مصرف نکنید.

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پیشنهاد بررسی:  لوله وکیوم CBC K2, K3 لبویر لوله لخته کلات بدون ژل(Clot Activator) لبویر  – لوله وکیوم لخته ژل دار لبویر 

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