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آزمایش هماتوکریت (PVC) یک آزمایش خون است که میزان تشکیل گلبول های قرمز خون را اندازه گیری می کند. که بخشی از شمارش کامل خون (CBC) است. CBC یک آزمایش خون رایج است که قسمت های مختلف خون را اندازه گیری می کند. برای بررسی سلامت عمومی و تشخیص اختلالات خونی از جمله کم خونی، وضعیتی که در آن گلبول های قرمز کافی ندارید و پلی سیتمی، یک اختلال غیر معمول که در آن تعداد بیش از حد گلبول های قرمز خون دارید و خون شما بیش از حد غلیظ می شود، استفاده شود.

گلبول های قرمز خون، اکسیژن را از ریه ها به بقیه بدن می رسانند. قسمت های دیگر خون شما شامل گلبول های سفید (مبارزه با عفونت)، پلاکت ها (لخته شدن خون برای توقف خونریزی) و مایعی به نام پلاسما است. 

نام های دیگر

HTC ،PVC، حجم سلول بسته بندی شده، H and H (هموگلوبین و هماتوکریت)

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تفاوت بین آزمایش هماتوکریت و هموگلوبین در چیست؟

هماتوکریت (PVC) درصد گلبول های قرمز خون شما است. هموگلوبین بخشی از گلبول قرمز شماست. در نتیجه هموگلوبین بخشی از گلبول قرمز شماست. هموگلوبین به گلبول قرمز خون شما کمک می کند تا اکسیژن را در سراسر بدن حمل کند و همچنین به گلبول های قرمز خون رنگ می دهد. آزمایش هموگلوبین میزان هموگلوبین را در گلبول های قرمز شما اندازه گیری می کند. 

برای انجام تست هماتوکریت اغلب از دو نوع لوله موئین می‌توانید استفاده کنید، این لوله ها عبارتند از:

• لوله موئین فاقد ضدانعقاد: این لوله‌ها با حلقه‌های آبی در یکی از دو انتها لوله مشخص می‌شوند. در هنگام استفاده از این لوله‌ها در زمان نمونه‌گیری باید از ماده ضدانعقاد EDTA استفاده کرد.
• لوله موئین هپارینه: این نوع از لوله‌های موئین با حلقه های قرمز مشخص شده و درون آن‌ها به ماده ضدانعقاد هپارین آغشته است.

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ارزیابی

در آزمایشگاه، هماتوکریت شما با استفاده از سانتریفیوژ ارزیابی می‌شود. همان‌طور که می‌دانید، سانتریفیوژ دستگاهی است که با سرعت بالایی می‌چرخد ​​تا باعث جدا شدن محتویات خون شود. یک متخصص آزمایشگاه برای جلوگیری از لخته شدن خون، یک ضد انعقاد خاص به آن اضافه می‌کند.

هنگامی ‌که لوله آزمایش از سانتریفیوژ خارج شد، به سه قسمت تقسیم می‌شود:

• سلول‌های قرمز خون
• پادبند (بافی کت)
• پلاسما یا مایعات موجود در خون شما

هر یک از اجزاء در قسمت مجزایی از لوله مستقر می‌شوند، گلبول‌های قرمز خون به انتهای لوله منتقل می‌شود. گلبول‌های قرمز خون با استفاده از خط کش هماتوکریت مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرند که تعیین می‌کند، چه میزان از خون شما را گلبول‌های قرمز تشکیل می‌دهند.

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محدوده طبیعی میزان هماتوکریت (PVC)

• مردان بالغ: 41 تا 50 درصد
• زنان بالغ: 36 تا 44 درصد
• کودک: 32 تا 42 درصد
• نوزادان: 45 تا 61 درصد

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این اعداد به چه معناست؟

نتایج آزمایش هماتوکریت (PVC) به صورت عددی گزارش می شود. این عدد درصدی از خون شما است که از گلبول های قرمز ساخته شده است. به عنوان مثال، اگر نتیجه آزمایش هماتوکریت شما 42 باشد، به این معنی است که 42 درصد خون شما را گلبول قرمز و بقیه را گلبول های سفید، پلاکت ها و پلاسمای خون تشکیل می دهند.

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علائم کم خونی (گلبول های قرمز بسیار کم) ممکن است شامل موارد زیر باشد:

• تنگی نفس 
• ضعف یا خستگی
• سردرد
• سرگیجه
• آریتمی (مشکل در سرعت یا ریتم ضربان قلب شما)
• افزایش عفونت 
• رنگ پریدگی
• سردی دست و پاها 
• افزایش عفونت 
• اختلال پایکا

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اصطلاح پایکا (pica)  برای اشاره به افرادی به کار می رود که نوع خاصی از اختلالات خورد و خوراک را دارند که مشخصه اصلی آن، خوردن مواد غیر غذایی است. این رفتار باید حداقل یک ماه طول کشیده شود. مانند: گچ تخته سیاه، صابون، گچ دیوار، خاک، سفال، تکه های رنگ که از دیوار یا اشیای دیگر کنده می شوند و غیره.

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علائم پلی سیتمی (گلبول های قرمز بیش از حد) ممکن است شامل موارد زیر باشد:

• سردرد
• دل درد
• احساس سبکی سر یا سرگیجه
• مشکلات تنفسی
• ضعف یا خستگی
• علائم پوستی مانند خارش بعد از حمام یا حمام، سوزش یا قرمزی صورت
• تعریق شدید به خصوص در هنگام خواب
• تاری یا دوبینی و نقاط کور
• خونریزی لثه و خونریزی شدید ناشی از بریدگی های کوچک
• قرمزی پوست
• خون دماغ

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آزمایش هماتوکریت (PVC) چگونه انجام می شود؟

یک تکنسین آزمایشگاه خون را از ورید، معمولا از داخل آرنج یا پشت دست شما می گیرد. پس از وارد کردن سوزن، مقدار کمی از خون شما را در یک لوله آزمایش یا ویال جمع آوری می کند. وقتی سوزن داخل یا خارج می شود ممکن است کمی احساس سوزش کنید و معمولا کمتر از 5 دقیقه طول می کشد.

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برای آمادگی آزمایش چیکار باید کرد؟

برای آزمایش هماتوکریت (PVC) نیازی به آمادگی خاصی ندارید، اگر پزشک آزمایش های بیشتری را برای نمونه خون شما نوشته باشد. ممکن است لازم باشد چندین ساعت قبل از آزمایش ناشتا باشید (نخورید و ننوشید).

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سطح هماتوکریت (PVC) پایین تر از حد طبیعی ممکن است ناشی از:

1- بدن شما کلبول قرمز کافی ندارد (کم خونی). انواع مختلفی از کم خونی وجود داردکه می تواند ناشی از شرایط پزشکی مختلف باشد.

2- هیپوناترمی

3- بیماری کلیوی

4- بیماری تیروئید

5- بدن شما در حال ساخت تعداد زیادی گلبول سفید است که ممکن است ناشی از موارد زیر باشد:

• بیماری مغز استخوان
• برخی از سرطان ها، از جمله لوسمی، لنفوم، مولتیپل میلوما یا سرطان هایی که از سایر قسمت های بدن به مغز استخوان سرایت می کنند. 
• از دست دادن خون به علت آسیب یا بیماری

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سطح هماتوکریت (PVC) بالاتر از حد طبیعی ممکن است ناشی از:

1- بدن شما در حال ساخت تعداد زیادی گلبول قرمز است که ممکن است ناشی از موارد زیر باشد:

• بیماری ریه (زخم یا ضخیم شدن ریه ها)
• بیماری قلبی مادرزای
• نارسایی قلبی عروقی
• پلی سیتمی
• آپنه انسدادی خواب
• سیگار کشیدن
• مسمومیت با مونوکسید کربن
• مصرف تستوسترون

2- سطح پلاسمای خون شما بسیار پایین است، که ممکن است به دلایل زیر ایجاد شود:

• کم آبی، تمام محتوای آب بدن شما از جمله پلاسمای خون را کاهش می دهد. سطوح پایین پلاسما باعث افزایش نسبت گلبول های قرمز به حجم خون می شود که سبب افزایش سطح هماتوکریت (PVC) می شود. کم آبی شایع ترین علت هماتوکریت بالاست.
• شوکه شدن
• اگر نتایج شما در محدوده هماتوکریت (PVC) طبیعی نباشد، همیشه به معنای بیماری شما نمی باشد که نیاز به درمان دارد. زندگی در ارتفاعات که در آن اکسیژن کمتری در هوا وجود دارد ممکن است باعث افزایش هماتوکریت (PVC) شود. به عبارتی دیگر بدن شما به سطوح پایین اکسیژن با ساخت گلبول های قرمز بیشتر پاسخ می دهد تا اکسیژن مورد نیاز را دریافت کند. 
• بدن در طول بارداری مایعات بیشتری به نسبت حالت عادی دارد که درصد تشکیل گلبول های قرمز خون را کاهش می دهد. به عبارت دیگر بارداری باعث کاهش هماتوکریت می شود. 

بنابراین برای اطلاع از معنای نتایج آزمایش خود، با پزشک خود مشورت کنید.

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هنگامی که هماتوکریت (PVC) و هموگلوبین هر دو کم است به چه معناست؟

سه عمل ممکن است باعث کاهش سطح هماتوکریت و هموگلوبین شوند:

1- شما در اثر جراحت یا بیماری خون از دست می دهید.

2- مغز استخوان شما گلبول های قرمز کافی نمی سازد.

3- گلبول های قرمز شما زودتر از حد معمول می میرند. 

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پیشنهاد بررسی : لوله میکروهماتوکریت آبی لبویر 100 ویال – لوله میکروهماتوکریت قرمز 100 ویال  – خمیر هماتوکریت دو طرفه لابترون – خط‌کش هماتوکریت دوار لابترون 

منابع 

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